Conhecimento sobre doença arterial coronariana e barreiras para adesão à reabilitação cardíaca
Knowledge about coronary artery disease and barriers to attending cardiac rehabilitation
Sabrina Costa Lima, Natália Freitas de Oliveira, Dayane Montemezzo, Gabriela Suéllen da Silva Chaves, Thaianne Cavalcante Sérvio, Raquel Rodrigues Britto
Resumo
Introdução: A Reabilitação Cardíaca (RC) contempla um programa estruturado de exercícios físicos, formação educacional integral e aconselhamento, visando otimizar a funcionalidade dos pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre a Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC), de acordo com a escolaridade e a percepção em relação às barreiras que afetam a participação e adesão dos usuários atendidos por um programa de RC. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado por meio da aplicação do Questionário de Educação de DAC (CADE-Q), a fim de avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre temas relacionados à DAC, e da Escala de Barreiras para RC (EBRC) a qual permite avaliar a percepção dos usuários dos programas de RC, em relação às barreiras que influenciam na sua adesão e participação. Resultados: Trinta usuários com média de idade de 63±11anos foram avaliados. O CADE-Q revelou que participantes com escolaridade acima do ensino médio completo apresentaram 37 pontos de escore total médio do conhecimento (34,00 - 43,50) e os usuários com escolaridade abaixo do ensino médio completo 27,50 pontos (18,75-33,50); p=0,004. Na EBRC, os usuários apresentaram pontuação média de 64,07±1,43 (61% do total) e as principais barreiras identificadas foram relacionadas à família, ao estado de saúde dos próprios pacientes e às dificuldades com transporte. Conclusão: Usuários com maior nível de escolaridade (acima do ensino médio completo) apresentaram melhor conhecimento sobre a DAC. Além disso, barreiras relacionadas à família, estado de saúde dos mesmos e dificuldades com transporte foram identificadas como fatores que influenciam na adesão e participação no programa de RC.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) comprises a program of structured exercise, comprehensive education and counseling to optimize functionality of patients with cardiovascular disease. Objective: To assess the level of knowledge about Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) according to education level, and the perception of barriers which affect participation and adherence of users assisted by a CR program. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study was carried out with the application of CAD Education Questionnaire (CADE-Q) in order to evaluate the level of knowledge on issues related to CAD. The CR Barriers Scale (CRBS) which allows assessing the perception of CR programs users regarding barriers that influence their participation and adherence was also applied. Results: Thirty users, mean age of 63±11 years, were evaluated. CADE-Q revealed that participants with education level higher than high school degree presented 37 points (34.00- 43.50) as mean score of total knowledge and users with education level below high school degree presented 27.50 points (18.75-33.50); p=0.004. Regarding CRBS, users presented mean score of 64.07±1.43 (61% of total) and the main barriers identified were related to family, health status and difficulties with transportation. Conclusion: Users with higher education levels (above high school degree) presented better knowledge about CAD. Furthermore, barriers related to family, health status and difficulties with transportation were identified as factors that influence adherence and participation in a CR program.
Keywords
Referências
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