Nível de conhecimento como preditor de autocuidado em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca
Knowledge level as a predictor of self-care in patients with heart failure
Bruno Rabite Dornelas, Letícia Rocha Mussel, Raiane Costa Mendes, Lays Augusto da Silva de Castro Lima, Manuella Bennaton Cardoso Vieira Rehfeld, Ana Flávia Ferreira, Anne Caroline Andrade Oliveira, Patricia Fernandes Trevizan, Ana Paula Ferreira
Resumo
Introdução: A educação em saúde é componente essencial dos programas de reabilitação cardiovascular (RCV), sobretudo no manejo da insuficiência cardíaca (IC), cuja prevalência crescente impõe desafios significativos aos sistemas de saúde. Estratégias educativas que promovem maior conhecimento favorecem o autocuidado e estão associadas à redução de complicações e hospitalizações. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o nível de conhecimento sobre a condição de saúde e os comportamentos de autocuidado em pessoas com IC e verificar se esse conhecimento é preditor independente do autocuidado. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de IC, vinculados a programas de RCV de um serviço público e privado. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos validados: Questionário de Conhecimento da Doença para Pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca e o Instrumento de Avaliação de Autocuidado para Pessoas com Insuficiência Cardíaca. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas a correlação de Pearson e a regressão linear múltipla, adotando-se nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Observou-se uma correlação moderada e significativa entre conhecimento e autocuidado (r=0,56; p=0,0014), embora o nível de autocuidado tenha sido considerado adequado em apenas 16,7% da amostra. A análise multivariada mostrou que o conhecimento parece contribuir para a explicação desses comportamentos, mesmo após o ajuste por idade e escolaridade (p=0,0501). Conclusão: O nível de conhecimento apresentou correlação positiva e significativa com o autocuidado. Além disso, o conhecimento parece exercer um papel relevante na predição desse comportamento, independentemente da idade ou escolaridade, reforçando a educação em saúde como componente estratégico e essencial nos programas de RCV.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Background: Health education is an essential component of cardiovascular rehabilitation programs (CRP), particularly in the management of heart failure (HF), whose growing prevalence poses significant challenges to healthcare systems. Educational strategies that enhance knowledge and self-care may contribute to reducing complications and hospitalizations. Aims: To analyze the association between the level of knowledge about health conditions and self-care behaviors in people with heart failure, and to verify if this knowledge is an independent predictor of self-care. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 patients with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure (HF), enrolled in CRP at a public and private facility. Two validated instruments were used: Heart Failure Patient Disease Knowledge Questionnaire and Heart Failure Self-Care Assessment Instrument. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, adopting a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: A moderate and significant correlation was observed between knowledge and self-care (r=0.56; p=0.0014), although the level of self-care was considered adequate in only 16.7% of the sample. Multivariate analysis showed that knowledge appears to contribute to explaining these behaviors, even after adjusting for age and education (p=0.0501). Conclusion: The level of knowledge showed a positive and significant correlation with self-care. Furthermore, knowledge appears to play a relevant role in predicting this behavior, regardless of age or education level, reinforcing health education as a strategic and essential component in CRP.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
12/09/2025
Aceito em:
23/02/2026
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