Efetividade das intervenções de autogestão em pessoas com diagnóstico de DPOC: uma revisão integrativa
Effectiveness of self-management interventions in individuals diagnosed with COPD: an integrative review
Ana Paula Otoni Ogava, Gabriela Matoso Melgaço, Vanessa Pereira Lima
Resumo
Introdução: As intervenções de autogestão na Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC), são impulsionadas pelo desenvolvimento de habilidades e confiança no paciente em sua capacidade de autogerir seus medicamentos e sintomas, visando retardar a progressão da doença. Objetivo: Identificar a efetividade das intervenções de autogestão em pessoas com diagnóstico de DPOC. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, com pesquisa nas seguintes bases de dados: BVS, LILACS, EMBASE e PUBMED, no período de 2019 a 2024, sem restrição quanto ao idioma. Resultados: Identificaram-se 1.102 artigos, sendo 243 estudos elegíveis e 10 selecionados. Predominantemente, os estudos eram ensaios clínicos randomizados, realizados em diversos cenários, com intervenções que duraram 3 meses e acompanhamento pós-intervenção de 3 a 12 meses. Os resultados destacam a eficácia das intervenções, que mostraram benefícios em diversos aspectos, como função social, dispneia, mudanças comportamentais sustentadas, redução do tabagismo, qualidade de vida, habilidades de autogestão e ativação do paciente em relação à sua saúde. Tais estratégias foram realizadas por equipes multidisciplinares por meio de pictogramas, manuais, rodas de conversa e atendimentos individuais. Conclusão: As intervenções de autogestão na DPOC demonstraram-se efetivas nos desfechos de função social, redução da dispneia, sustentação da mudança de comportamento, diminuição do hábito tabagista, aumento da qualidade de vida, desenvolvimento de habilidades e autoeficácia na autogestão, além de maior engajamento no manejo de sua condição de saúde.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Background: Self-management strategies in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are driven by the development of skills and confidence in the patient in their ability to self-manage their medications and symptoms, aiming to delay the progression of the disease. Aim: Identify the effectiveness of self-management interventions in people diagnosed with COPD. Methods: This is an integrative review, with research in the following databases: VHL, LILACS, EMBASE and PUBMED, from 2019 to 2024, without language restrictions. Results: 1,102 articles were found, of which 243 studies were eligible and 10 were selected. Predominantly, the studies were randomized clinical trials, carried out in different settings, with interventions that lasted 3 months and post- intervention follow-up of 3 to 12 months. The results highlight the effectiveness of the interventions, which showed benefits in several aspects, such as social function, dyspnea, sustained behavioral changes, reduction in smoking, quality of life, self- management skills and patient activation in relation to their health. These interventions were delivered by various health specialties in several formats, including pictograms, text manuals, conversation circles, and individual consultations. Conclusion: Self-management interventions for COPD have demonstrated effectiveness in improving outcomes related to social functioning, reduction of dyspnea, maintenance of sustained behavioral changes, reduction in smoking habits, enhancement of quality of life, development of self-management skills and self-efficacy, as well as increased patient engagement in managing their health condition.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
01/10/2024
Aceito em:
08/12/2025
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