Efeitos do exercício físico realizado acima do limiar de lactato sobre a função ventricular de ratos portadores de insuficiência cardíaca
Effects of exercise performed above lactate threshold on ventricular function in rats with heart failure
Rafael Michel de Macedo, Ana Carolina Brandt de Macedo, José Rocha Faria Neto, Julio Cesar Francisco, Ricardo Cunha, Luiz Cesar Guarita-Souza
Resumo
Introdução: Os efeitos provocados pelo treinamento físico de alta intensidade, sob a função ventricular na insuficiência cardíaca, ainda, são controversos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito provocado pelo exercício físico realizado acima do limiar de lactato na função ventricular de ratos portadores de insuficiência cardíaca de etiologia isquêmica. Métodos: Vinte ratos machos Wistar foram infartados em laboratório, mediante técnica de ligadura de coronária esquerda. Foram incluídos no estudo, 10 animais com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) ≤ 50% (avaliados por ecocardiografia, 30 dias após o infarto). Estes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GC) (n=5) e Grupo Treinamento (GT) (n=5). O segundo foi submetido a três sessões semanais de natação, com uma duração de 15 minutos cada, com intensidade de nado mantida acima do limiar de lactato, durante quatro semanas (12 sessões de treinamento). Para controle da intensidade de treino, foi coletada uma amostra de sangue da cauda do animal, para mensuração do lactato sanguíneo acumulado. Como medidas de desfecho, foram comparadas intra, intergrupos as variáveis FEVE, o volume diastólico final do ventrículo esquerdo (VDFVE) e o volume sistólico final do ventrículo esquerdo (VSFVE). Resultados: pré- treinamento: GC x GT- FEVE (%) (35,20±7,64 vs 21,49± 2,71, p=0,004), VSFVE (ml) (0,39±0,15 vs 0,50±0,09 p=0,05), VDFVE (ml) (0,89±0,19 vs 0,7 ±0,14, p=0,26).Pós-treinamento: FEVE (%) (22,39±4,56 vs 20,71±7,41, p=0,73), VSFVE (ml) (0,65±0,12 vs 0,64 ±0,05, p=0,92), VDFVE (0,83±0,13 vs 0,82±0,09, p=0,91). Conclusão: O exercício de alta intensidade provocou aumento do VSFVE e do VDFVE
Palavras-chave
Abstract
The effects of high-intensity exercise training on the cardiac remodeling are still unknown. Objective: To assess the effects of physical exercise performed above the lactate threshold on ventricular function of rats with heart failure. Methods: 20 male Wistar rats were infarcted in the laboratory by the technique of left coronary artery ligation. Of these 10 were included in the study by presenting 30 days after acute myocardial infarction, with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 50%. The animals were randomized into two groups: control group (CG) (n=5) and trained group (TG) (n=5). The second was submitted to 3 sessions / week of swimming with 15 minutes of duration, with intensity above the lactate threshold, during 4 weeks (i.e 12 training sessions). The control of training intensity was done checking a blood sample collected from the animal tail for measurement of blood lactate. Intra and inter-group differences of the variables LVEF, left ventricle final systole volume (LVFSV) and left ventricle final diastole volume (LVFDV) were compared. Results: Pre training: trained x sedentary respectively, LVEF (%) (35.20 ± 7.64 vs 21.49 ± 2.71, p=0.004), LVFSV (ml) (0.39 ± 0.15 vs 0, 50 ± 0.09, p=0.05), LVEDV (ml) (0.89 ± 0.19 vs 0.7 ± 0.14, p= 0.26). Post training: LVEF (%) (22, 39 ± 4.56 vs 20.71 ± 7.41, p=0.73), LVFSV (ml) (0.65 ± 0.12 vs 0.64 ± 0.05, p=0.92) LVEDV (0.83 ± 0.13 vs 0.82 ± 0.09, p=0.91). Conclusion: The high-intensity exercise increased LVFSV and LVFDV
Keywords
References
1. Bleumink GS, Knetsch AM, Sturkenboom MC, Straus SM, Hofman A, Deckers JW et al. Quantifying the heart failure epidemic; prevalence, incidence rate, lifetime risk and prognosis of heart failure. The Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J. 2004 Sep; 25(18):1614-9.
2. Xu X, Wan W, Ji L, Lao S, Powers AS, Zhao W et al. Exercise training combined with angiotensin II receptor blockade limits post-infarct ventricular remodeling in rats. Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Jun 1; 78(3): 523-32.
3. de Waard MC, van der Velden J, Bito V, Ozdemir S, Biesmans L, Boontje NM et al. Early exercise training normalizes myofilament function and attenuates left ventricular pump dysfunction in mice with a large myocardial infarction. Circ Res. 2007 Apr 13; 100(7):1079-88.
4. Vromen T, Kraal JJ, Kuiper J, Spee RF, Peek N, Kemps HM. The influence of training characteristics on the effect of aerobic exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: A meta-regression analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Apr 1; 208:120-7.
5. Souza Junior TP, Asano RY, Prestes J, Sales MM, Coelho JM, Simões HG. Nitric oxide and exercise: a short review. Rev Educ Fis UEM [Internet]. 2012 Sep;23(3):469-81. Available from: www.scielo.br/pdf/refuem/v23n3/14.pdf. Portuguese.
6. Colan SD. Mechanics of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in physiologic hypertrophy of the athlete’s heart. Cardiol Clin. 1997 Aug;15(3):355-72.
7. Backshall J, Ford GA, Bawamia B, Quinn L, Trenell M, Kunadian V. Physical activity in the management of patients with coronary artery disease: a review. Cardiol Rev. 2015 Jan-Feb; 23(1):18-25.
8. Fletcher GF, Balady GJ, Amsterdan EA, Chaitman B, Eckel R, Fleg J et al. Exercises standards for testing and training; a statement for healthcare professionals form the American Heart Association. Circulation 2001 Oct 2;104(14):1694-1740.
9. Williams A, Wilkins J. Diretrizes do ACSM para os testes de esforço e sua prescrição. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2003.
10. Wan W, Powers AS, Li J, Ji L, Erikson JM, Zhang JQ. Effect of post myocardial infarction exercise training on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and cardiac functional. Am J Med Sci. 2007 Oct;334(4):265-73.
11. Winter SCN, de Macedo RM, Francisco JC, Santos PC, Lopes APS, de Meira LF et al. Impact of a High-Intensity Training on Ventricular Function in Rats After Acute Myocardial Infarction. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2018 Apr;110(4):373-80. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abc/v110n4/0066-782X-abc-20180036.pdf. Portuguese.
12. Johns TN, Olson BJ. Experimental myocardial infarction. A method of coronary occlusion in small animals. Ann Surg. 1954 Nov;140(5):675-82.
13. LiuYh, Yang XP, Nass OMAR, Sabbah HN, Peterson E, Carretero OA. Chronic Heart Failure induced by coronary artery ligation in Lewis inbred rats. Am J Physiol. 1997 Feb;272(2):722-7.
14. Freimann S, Scheinowitz M, Yekutieli D, Feinberg MS, Eldar M, Kessler-Icekson, G. Prior exercise training improves the outcome of acute myocardial infarction in the rat: heart structure, function, and gene expression. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Mar 15;45(6):931-8.
15. Manchado FB, Gobatto CA, Contarteze RVL, Papoti M, Mello MAR. The maximal lactate steady state is ergometer-dependent in experimental model using rats. Rev Bras Med Esporte [Internet]. 2006 Oct;12(5):259-62. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbme/v12n5/en_07.pdf. Portuguese.
16. Wisløff U1, Støylen A, Loennechen JP, Bruvold M, Rognmo Ø, Haram PM, et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation. 2007 Jun 19;115(24):3086-94.
17. Ferraz AS, Yasbel- Junior P. Prescrição do exercício em paciente com insuficiência cardíaca . Rev Soc Car RS [Internet]. 2006;15:1-13. Available from: http://sociedades.cardiol.br/sbc-rs/revista/2006/09/Artigo_10_Prescricao_do_Exercicio.pdf. Portuguese.
18. Belli JFC, Bacal F, Bocchi EA, Guimarães GV. Ergoreflex activity in heart failure. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2011 Ago;97(2):171-8. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abc/v97n2/en_aop06411. pdf. Portuguese.
19. Dempsey JA, Romer L, Rodman J, Miller J, Simth C. Consequences of exercise-induced respiratory muscle-work. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006 Apr 28; 151(2-3): 242-50.
20. Schulze PC, Gielen S, Schuler G, Hambrecht R. Chronic Heart Failure and skeletal muscle catabolism: effects of exercise training. Germ Int J Cardiol. 2002 Sep;85(1):141-9.
21. Cunha VNC, Cunha RR, Segundo PR, Moreira SR, Simões HG. Swiming training at anaerobic threshold intensity improves the functional fitness of older rats. Rev Bras Med Esporte [Internet]. 2008 Dec;14(6):533-8. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbme/v14n6/a12v14n6.pdf. Portuguese.
22. Coats AJ, Adamopoulos S, Radaelli A, McCance A, Meyer TE, Bernardi L, et al. Controlled trial of physical training in chronic heart failure. Exercise performance, hemodynamics, ventilation and autonomic function. Circulation.1992 Jun;85(6):2119-31.
23. Barretto ACP, Drumond Neto C, Mady C, Albuquerque DCD, Brindeiro Filho DF, Braile DM, et al. Revisão das II Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia para o diagnóstico e tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca. Arq Bras Cardiol [Internet]. 2002;79(Suppl. 4):1-30. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abc/v79s4/a01v79s4.pdf.
24. Haykowsky MJ, Liang Y, Pechter D, Jones LW, McAlister FA, Clark AM. A meta-analysis of the effect of exercise training on left ventricular remodeling in heart failure patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Jun 19;49(24):2329-36.
25. Zar JH. Biostatistical Analysis. 4. ed. EnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1998.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email